The Article 13 Agreement on Agriculture is a legally binding treaty signed by member countries of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1994. The agreement aims to reform trade policies related to agricultural products, with the ultimate goal of creating a fair and market-oriented agricultural trading system.
The agreement has three main objectives: to improve market access for agricultural products, to reduce government support for agriculture, and to establish rules for trade and agricultural policies. This has been achieved through a series of negotiations, concessions, and commitments made by member countries.
One of the main outcomes of the Article 13 Agreement was the reduction of agricultural tariffs and other barriers to trade. This has increased market access for agricultural products, especially for developing countries that depend on agricultural exports. As a result, agricultural trade has flourished, benefiting both exporting and importing countries.
The agreement has also played a major role in reducing government subsidies and support for agriculture. This has helped to level the playing field for farmers and producers, and has helped to reduce distortions in the global agricultural market. However, some critics argue that this has led to the loss of jobs and income for farmers in developed countries, who may not be able to compete with cheaper imports.
Finally, the Article 13 Agreement has established rules for trade and agricultural policies. This includes measures to protect the environment, ensure food safety, and promote sustainable agricultural practices. The agreement also sets out guidelines for resolving disputes related to agricultural trade.
Overall, the Article 13 Agreement on Agriculture has had a major impact on global agricultural trade and policies. While it may have its critics, the agreement has succeeded in creating a more open and fair trading system for agricultural products, benefiting farmers and producers around the world.